Past Simple

El pasado simple se usa para expresar acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado una vez, nunca, muchas veces, etc pero que ya terminaron. También puede ser usado para acciones que ocurrieron una después de la otra en el pasado.

Para este tiempo es importante recordar que el verbo se debe conjugar a su forma en pasado, misma que es igual para todos los pronombres. En las formas negativas y de pregunta se añade el verbo auxiliar "did", que está en pasado, por lo que el otro verbo regresa a su forma en presente.

Verbos regulares: terminan en -ed.

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I	I played	I didn't play	Did I play?
You He She It	You played He played She played It played	You didn't play He didn't play She didn't play It didn't play	Did you play? Did he play? Did she play? Did it play?
We You They	We played You played They played	We  didn't play You didn't play They didn't play	Did we play? Did you play? Did they play?

Verbos irregulares: el verbo cambia de forma para las oraciones afirmativas.

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I	I ate	I didn't eat	Did I eat?
You He She It	You ate He ate She ate It ate	You didn't eat He didn't eat She didn't eat It didn't eat	Did you eat? Did he eat? Did she eat? Did it eat?
We You They	We ate You ate They ate	We  didn't eat You didn't eat They didn't eat	Did we eat? Did you eat? Did they eat?

Verbo "to be": Para este verbo existen dos formas en pasado y se usa como auxiliar en negativos y preguntas.

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I He She It	I was He was She was It was	I wasn't He wasn't She wasn't It wasn't	Was I? Was he? Was she? Was it?
You We They	You were We were They were	You weren't We weren't They weren't	Were you? Were we? Were they?

Notas:

Nota: el pasado simple usualmente usa marcadores de tiempo, como "yesterday", "last week", "last year", etc.

Ejercicios: haz click aquí para descargar los ejercicios del presente continuo.

Present progressive / continuous

El presente progresivo (también conocido como continuo) se usa para hablar de una acción que está ocurriendo en este momento, que está pasando durante un periodo de tiempo corto o para planes a futuro cercano.

Para formar el presente progresivo es indispensable usar el verbo auxiliar "to be", este en la forma adecuada a la persona de la que se está hablando. (Nota: el uso del verbo "to be" no es opcional, no se puede quitar.)

Verbo: "to read"

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I	I am reading	I am not reading.	Am I reading?
You We They	You are reading. We are reading. They are reading	You are not reading. We are not reading. They are not reading.	Are You reading? Are We reading? Are They reading?
He She It	He is reading. She is reading. It is reading.	He is not reading. She is not reading. It is not reading.	Is he reading? Is she reading? Is it reading?

Notas:

- Si el verbo termina en "e", esa letra se quita antes de poner el -ing. Ejemplo:

(come) - coming.

- Si el verbo termina en "ee" entonces las dos letras se quedan. Ejemplo:

(agree) - agreeing.

- Si el verbo termina en "consonante-vocal-consonante" entonces la última consonante se duplica. Ejemplo:

(sit) - sitting. - Si el verbo termina en "ie", entonces estas dos letras son cambiadas por una "y" y luego se coloca el -ing. Ejemplo:

(lie) - lying.

Palabras clave. Existen palabras que nos indican que se usa el presente continuo:

- Si estamos hablando de cosas que suceden en el momento.

1. at the moment (en este momento)

2. now / just now / right now (ahora / justo ahora / ahora mismo)

3. Listen! (¡escucha!)

4. Look! (¡mira!)

- Planes a corto plazo.

1. in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening (en la mañana / en la tarde / en la noche)

2. at noon / tonight (al mediodía / esta noche)

3. tomorrow (mañana)

4. next week, month... (la próxima semana, mes...)

Acciones que ocurren por un periodo de tiempo corto.

1. this week (esta semana)

2. this month (este mes)

3. this year (este año)

Ejercicios: haz click aquí para descargar los ejercicios del presente continuo.

Simple Present

El presente simple se usa para expresar una acción que ocurre una vez, muchas veces o nunca. Se utiliza para acciones que ocurren una después de la otra y para acciones que están programadas. También se usa para acciones que ocurren en el presente.

Uso:

En el caso del verbo "to be", existen modificaciones según la persona de la que se habla.

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I	I am	I am not.	Am I ?
You We They	You are. We are. They are	You are not. We are not. They are not.	Are You? Are We? Are They?
He She It	He is. She is. It is.	He is not. She is not. It is not.	Is he? Is she? Is it?

En el verbo "to have" el cambio viene para las terceras personas. 

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I You We They	I have. You have. We have. They have.	I have not. You have not. We have not. They have not.	Do I have? Do you have? Do we have? Do they have?
He She It	He has. She has. It has.	He has not. She has not. It has not.	Does he have? Does she have? Does it have?

En el caso de cualqier otro verbo el cambio se hace agregando una "s" para las terceras personas. 

	affirmative	negative	interrogative
I You We They	I play. You play. We play. They play.	I do not play. You do not play. We do not play. They do not play.	Do I play? Do you play? Do we play? Do they play?
He She It	He plays. She plays. It plays.	He does not play. She does not play. It does not play.	Does he play? Does she play? Does it play?

Nota: en el caso de las oraciones negativas y de pregunta, el verbo auxiliar "do" lleva la letra s, formando el auxiliar "does". 

Ejercicios: haz click aquí para descargar los ejercicios del presente simple.